主语和谓语有两种语序：一是主语在前，谓语在后，这种语序称为自然语序（Natural Order）。反之，谓语在主语前面，就是倒装语序（Inverted Order）。倒装语序又分为全部倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）。把整个谓语放在主语之前称为全部倒装：
Herearesome registered letters for you.
Incamea man with a white beard.
根据语法或修辞的需要，把谓语中的一部分（如be动词,助动词、情态动词）放在主语之前，其余部分仍在主语之后，这种语序叫部分倒装：
Under no circumstancesmusta soldier leave his post.
Only in this wayisit possible to accomplish the task.
一、全部倒装
1．“There＋be/exist/lie/stand/appear＋ 主语”，表示“有、存在”等。
Thereliesa tall building.
2．由there, here, now, then, thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词为be,come,go,lie,run等
Therecomesthe bus.
Theregoesthe bell.
Hereisyour letter.
Nowcomesyour turn.
Thencamea new difficulty.
※ 当主语为人称代词时仍用自然语序。
Therehecomes.
Hereyouare.
3．在描写一个情景是，为了使景象更生动，可以把down, up, in, out, away, ahead, over, off等方位副词置于句首，不及物动词整个置于主语前
Upwentthe arrow into the air.
The door opened andincamemany children.
Outrusheda missile from under the bomber.
Aheadsatan old woman.
※ 当主语为人称代词时仍用自然语序
Awaytheywent.
4．表示地点的介词短语位于句首时也要全部倒装
In front of the housesata boy.
5．有时把表语和系动词提到主语前面（强调表语，自然语序意思不同，见译文）
①On the other sidewasnorthern Xinjiang.在另一边是北疆。（介词短语）
②Very important in the farmers’ lifeisthe radio weather report.（形容词）
③Belowisa restaurant.（副词）
④Seated on the groundarea group of young men.（过去分词）
⑤Hanging on the wallisa picture.（现在分词）
二、部分倒装
1.句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, scarcely, little, hardly, at no time（决不）, in no time（立刻）, in no way（决不）, not until…,not a…,by no means（决不）
Seldomdoeshe go to the cinema.
Not until he took off his glassesdidI recognize him.
2. only在句首,强调状语
Only thendidI realize I was wrong.（副词）
Only in this waycanyou learn English well.（介词短语）
Only when he came backwerewe able to solve the problem.（壮语从句）
3. Not only…but also…, Hardly…when…（还没…就…）, No sooner …than…（一…就…）, scarcely…when…（刚刚…突然…）
Not onlydidhe come,but also he went to see her.
HardlyhadI got homewhen I sent a short message to him.
No soonerhadthe game begunthan it began to rain heavily.
Scarcelyhadshe fallen asleepwhen a knock at the door awakened her.
※ 后半句不倒装
4. So…that…, Such…that…构成的复合句, so, such短语位于句首时
So lovelyisthe girl that everyone likes her.
Such a lovely girlisshe that everyone likes her.
5. “So＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示“…也是”
“Neither/Nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语” 表示“…也不”
※ 区别“So＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词” 表示对上文的赞同或肯定“真的如此”。
三、其他情况
1．as, though引导的让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，可将表语，状语，实义动词提前
Youngas he is, he knows a lot about history.
Boyas he is, he is very shy. (boy前省略冠词a)
Muchas I like you, I will not marry you.
Tryhardas hewould, he couldn’t lift the rock.（句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语或状语，则随实义动词一起放在主语前。）
2．在虚拟语气条件状语从句里含有were, had,should或could,则可将从属连词if省去,将were, had,should或could放在句首形成部分倒装(这种结构在口语中较少使用).
HadI known（=IfIhadknown）more about giving first aid, he would not have got hurt.
WereI you（=IfIwereyou）, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.
Shouldhe fail（=Ifheshouldfail）in the experiment this time, he would try again.
3．某些表示祝愿等的句子中
Longliveworld peace!
Mayyoubehappy all your life.
