形式主语
形式主语
形式主语可以当作固定短语翻译在整个句子的最前面。
e.g. It was reported that …… 据报道
It was estimated that…… 据估计,据推测
It was conjectured that…… 据估计,据推测
It was taken that…… 据认为
It +be + adj. + that…… ……的是……;……这是……的
e.g. It is important that……
重要的是……;……这是很重要的
例:2000年72题
72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the ***ength of country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and indu***y, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
Furthermore 而且
obvious 明显的
in turn 反过来
rest upon 取决于
译文:而且,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业效率直接相关,这反过来取决于各类科技人员的努力。
倒装结构
倒装结构:
还原倒装部分后直接翻译。
常常出现如下几种情况:
1、 表语前置引起倒装
e.g. Smart as you. 聪明如你。
2、 否定词前置引起倒装
3、 虚拟语气引起倒装
例1:1995年75题
75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many a***ophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
Odd though it sounds 表语前置,即:Though it sounds odd. 虽然宇宙膨胀理论听起来很奇特
elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理学
respected ideas 公认的理论
plausible 看起来是合理的
for the better part of a decade 七八年来;近十年
译文:虽然宇宙膨胀理论听起来很奇特,但是它在基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看起来是合理的结果,许多天体物理学家七八年来一直相信它是正确的。
例2:1995年75题
75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
compensate for 补偿,弥补
gross social inequality 明显的社会不公平现象
tell 说明,表明
underprivileged 贫困的
had he grown up = if he had grown up
译文:例如,这些测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公平现象,因此也不能说明如果这个贫困的年轻人在更加有利的条件下成长他将会多么的有能力。
否定结构
否定结构:
1、 部分否定,在否定句中出现all,both,every,each等词直接翻译成“并非所有” 。
e.g. All that glitters is not gold.
并非所有发光的都是金子。
Not everyone accepts his proposal.
并非所有人都接受他的建议。
2、 形式否定,内容肯定。
e.g. (1)nothing but 绝对是
He is nothing but a scholar. 他绝对是一个学者。
(2)常常是带too的结构,如can not too 再…也不为过
You can not be too careful when you are driving.
在你开车的时候,你应该非常小心。
3、 形式肯定,内容否定
(1) anything but 绝不是,绝非
He is anything but a scholar. 他绝不是学者。
(2) 借助具有否定意义的词,如fail,neglect ,refuse,…from等等
I failed to meet my girlfriend. 我没有碰到我的女朋友。
Swimming here is far from dangerous. 在这里游泳一点也不危险。
divert from
keep sb. from doing sth.
My mother keeps me from staying outside. 妈妈不让我在外面。
这两类可以用正话反说,反话正说的翻译技巧来说明。
4、 否定转移
(1) “I don’t think……”之类的结构
I don,t think you are right. 我认为你不正确。
(2) “not because”固定翻译成“并不是因为才”
This object did not move because I pushed on it.
这个物体并不是因为我推它才动。
练习分三个部分:每天20分钟翻译即可。
1、 真题:每天2句。
2、 练习题:阅读真题
3、 模拟冲刺题:考研翻译全文真题